Table of Contents

Overview

API integration enables Python applications to interact with external services. This guide covers RESTful APIs, GraphQL, authentication, and best practices.

REST APIs

Using Requests Library

import requests

# GET request
response = requests.get('https://api.example.com/users')
users = response.json()

# POST request
data = {'name': 'John Doe', 'email': 'john@example.com'}
response = requests.post('https://api.example.com/users', json=data)

# Error handling
try:
    response.raise_for_status()
except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as e:
    print(f"HTTP error: {e}")

Authentication

API Keys

headers = {'Authorization': f'Bearer {api_key}'}
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

OAuth 2.0

from requests_oauthlib import OAuth2Session

client_id = 'your_client_id'
oauth = OAuth2Session(client_id)
authorization_url, state = oauth.authorization_url('https://provider.com/oauth/authorize')

GraphQL

from gql import gql, Client
from gql.transport.requests import RequestsHTTPTransport

transport = RequestsHTTPTransport(url='https://api.example.com/graphql')
client = Client(transport=transport)

query = gql("""
    query {
        users {
            id
            name
        }
    }
""")

result = client.execute(query)

Best Practices

  • Implement retry logic with exponential backoff
  • Use connection pooling
  • Handle rate limiting
  • Validate responses
  • Log API interactions

See Also

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